High pressure cleaning machine is a new type of high pressure cleaning equipment with high cleaning efficiency and environmental protection. Due to its characteristics of low investment, environmental protection, no pollution, no damage to the cleaned substrate, wide application range, and energy conservation, it has been rapidly developed and widely used in China in recent years. However, our concern is still the cleaning effect of high-pressure cleaning machines, as this directly affects our work efficiency. So, what are the main parameters that need to be paid attention to during the cleaning process of high-pressure cleaning machines?

一、工作壓力

1、 Work pressure

高壓清洗機的工作壓力應根據(jù)結(jié)垢性質(zhì)合理選擇。

The working pressure of the high-pressure cleaning machine should be reasonably selected based on the nature of scaling.

目前高壓清洗機的清洗壓力大致可以分為三類：

At present, the cleaning pressure of high-pressure cleaning machines can be roughly divided into three categories:

1）低壓（100bar以下）

1) Low pressure (below 100bar)

這種清洗機壓力通常在100bar以下，水泵大多數(shù)為低壓往復泵或者是離心泵，清洗對象一般是污染不太嚴重的污垢。

The pressure of this kind of cleaning machine is usually below 100bar, and most of the water pumps are low-pressure Reciprocating pump or centrifugal pumps. The cleaning objects are generally dirt with less serious pollution.

2）高壓（100bar-1000bar）

2) High pressure (100bar-1000bar)

這個壓力段屬于高壓清洗機，工作壓力范圍是100bar-1000bar之間，水泵大多數(shù)是高壓往復泵。清洗對象通常是污染較為嚴重的污垢。

This pressure section belongs to the high-pressure cleaning machine, and the working pressure range is between 100bar and 1000bar. Most of the water pumps are high-pressure Reciprocating pump. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

3）超高壓（1000bar以上）

3) Ultra high pressure (above 1000bar)

工作壓力大于1000bar的清洗機可以稱為超高壓清洗機，設備核心多為增壓器或者是超高壓往復泵。清洗對象通常是污染非常嚴重的污垢。

Cleaning machines with working pressure greater than 1000 bar can be called ultra-high pressure cleaning machines, and the equipment core is mostly superchargers or ultra-high pressure Reciprocating pump. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

高壓清洗機剝離能力與工作壓力的關系如下：

The relationship between the stripping capacity of high-pressure cleaning machines and working pressure is as follows:

1）工作壓力100bar，可用于剝離淤泥和疏松的巖層。

1) The working pressure is 100bar, which can be used to remove silt and loose rock layers.

2）工作壓力210bar，可用于剝離輕度船舶垢污和輕度燃料油殘留物及鋁制散熱器及殼體。

2) The working pressure is 210bar, which can be used to remove mild ship dirt and mild fuel oil residue, as well as aluminum radiators and shells.

3）工作壓力320bar，可用于剝離普通衍生物、砂石和泥石層、疏松的混凝土、輕度熱軋鋼淀氧化層及疏松的漆層和銹層。

3) The working pressure is 320bar, which can be used to peel off ordinary derivatives, sand and debris layers, loose concrete, mild hot-rolled steel lake oxidation layers, and loose paint and rust layers.

4）工作壓力400-700bar，可用于剝離管內(nèi)混凝土、鑄鐵件模型、跑道除膠、輕基石灰石、石子層及焦油沉積物和常見石化垢層。

4) The working pressure is 400-700bar, which can be used to peel off the concrete inside the pipe, cast iron model, runway glue removal, lightweight limestone, gravel layer, tar deposits, and common petrochemical scale layers.

5）工作壓力700-1050bar，可用于混凝土切割和剝離厚漆層、石灰石、大量熱軋鋼錠氧化皮矽土型芯、燃燒碳沉積物及厚層煤渣。

5) The working pressure is 700-1050bar, which can be used for concrete cutting and peeling thick paint layers, limestone, a large amount of hot rolled steel ingot oxide skin silica core, combustion carbon deposits, and thick coal slag.

6）工作壓力1000-2100bar，可用于剝離花崗石、大理石、石灰?guī)r、船舶的環(huán)氧基漆以及鉛板、鋁板橡膠、冷凍食品等的切割。

6) The working pressure is 1000-2100bar, which can be used for peeling granite, marble, limestone, epoxy based paint for ships, as well as cutting lead plate, aluminum plate rubber, frozen food, etc.

高壓清洗機

High pressure cleaning machine

二、實際流量

2、 Actual traffic

高壓清洗機清洗作業(yè)時的實際流量一般取決于原始的額定流量，計算時可以采用以下公式：

The actual flow rate during high-pressure cleaning operations generally depends on the original rated flow rate, and the following formula can be used for calculation:

公式（1）中U—流量，m/s；Ρ—工作壓力，MPa；ρ—液流密度，kg/m?。

In formula (1), U - flow rate, m/s; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa; ρ— Liquid flow density, kg/m?.

三、載荷面所受的打擊力

3、 Impact force on the load surface

高壓水射流連續(xù)打擊平坦表面時，載荷面所受的打擊力F的經(jīng)驗計算公式如下：

The empirical formula for calculating the impact force F on the load surface when a high-pressure water jet continuously strikes a flat surface is as follows:

公式（2）中F—載荷面所受打擊力，Ν；Α—噴嘴的截面積，m?；Ρ—工作壓力，MPa。

In formula (2), F - the impact force on the load surface, Ν；Α— The cross-sectional area of the nozzle, m?; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa.

四、噴射距離

4、 Spray distance

高壓水射流噴射距離是指噴嘴到清洗表面的距離，它的大小對清洗質(zhì)量有很大的影響。當噴射距離增大時，高壓水射流到被清洗表面的擴散程度會增大，也是說增大了射流功率的損失。而當噴射距離減小時，單位時間內(nèi)除垢面積也會隨之減小。所以，如果噴射距離過大或者過小都會降低清洗效率。經(jīng)過試驗證明，一般機體表面油船類的清洗，噴射距離在（150-300）D范圍內(nèi)比較好。其中D是噴嘴的出口直徑。

The high-pressure water jet spraying distance refers to the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface, and its size has a significant impact on the cleaning quality. When the spraying distance increases, the diffusion degree of high-pressure water jet to the cleaned surface will increase, which also increases the loss of jet power. When the spraying distance decreases, the scale removal area per unit time also decreases. So, if the spraying distance is too large or too small, it will reduce the cleaning efficiency. After testing, it has been proven that for the cleaning of oil tankers on the surface of the general engine body, the spraying distance is relatively good within the range of (150-300) D. Where D is the outlet diameter of the nozzle.

五、入射角

5、 Incidence angle

根據(jù)試驗和經(jīng)驗的數(shù)據(jù)表明，清洗油脂表面時，入射角為17度合適。

According to experimental and empirical data, it is appropriate to have an incidence angle of 17 degrees when cleaning the oil surface.

根據(jù)以上實驗數(shù)據(jù)，說明了高壓清洗機針對不同工業(yè)清洗的對象，要選擇合適的參數(shù)，才能實現(xiàn)更的除垢及清洗。高壓清洗機以其特殊的優(yōu)點、操作的簡便和對環(huán)境的無污染已經(jīng)受到越來越多企業(yè)的重視。

Based on the above experimental data, it is explained that high-pressure cleaning machines need to select appropriate parameters for different industrial cleaning objects in order to achieve more efficient scale removal and cleaning. High pressure cleaning machines have attracted more and more attention from enterprises due to their special advantages, easy operation, and pollution-free performance.